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Miep Gies
Hermine Santruschitz (15 February 1909 – 11 January 2010), better known as Miep Gies ((:ˈmip ˈxis)),〔''Gies'' in isolation: (:ˈɣis).〕 was one of the Dutch citizens who hid Anne Frank, her family and four other Jews from the Nazis in an annex above Anne's father's business premises during World War II. She was Austrian by birth, but in 1920, at the age of eleven, she was taken in as a foster child by a Dutch family to whom she became very attached. Although she was initially only to stay for six months, this stay was extended to one year because of frail health, after which she chose to remain with them, living the rest of her life in the Netherlands. In 1933 she began working for Otto Frank, a businessman who had moved with his family from Germany to the Netherlands in hopes of sparing his family Nazi persecution because they were Jewish. Gies became a close, trusted friend of the family and was a great support to them during the two years they spent in hiding. She retrieved Anne Frank's diary after the family was arrested and kept the papers safe until Otto Frank returned from Auschwitz in 1945, and learned of his younger daughter's death.〔Obituary ''Los Angeles Times'', 12 January 2010.〕〔Obituary ''Washington Post'', 12 January 2010.〕〔Obituary ''The Times'', 13 January 2010.〕〔Obituary ''London Guardian'', 13 January 2010.〕〔Obituary ''London Independent'', 14 January 2010.〕
Together with Alison Leslie Gold Gies authored the book ''Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family'', first published in 1987.
== Early life ==
Born Hermine Santruschitz in Vienna, (later spelled as Santrouschitz in the Netherlands), Gies was transported to Leiden from Vienna in December 1920 to escape the food shortages prevailing in Austria after World War I. The Nieuwenburgs, a working-class family who already had six children of their own, took her as their foster daughter, and called her by the diminutive "Miep" by which she became known. In 1922, she moved with her foster family to Gaaspstraat 25 〔Anne Frank Remembered Book, 2010〕 in Amsterdam. Gies was an honour student, and described herself as "reserved and very independent"; after graduating high school, she worked as an accountant and then as a secretary with the Dutch branch of the German firm Opekta. Otto Frank had just relocated from Germany and had been appointed managing director of Opekta's recently expanded Dutch operations. She became a close friend of the Frank family, as did Jan Gies, her long-time fiancé. After refusing to join a Nazi women's association, her passport was invalidated and she was ordered to be deported within ninety days back to Austria (by then annexed by Germany, which classified her as a German citizen). The couple were married quickly on 16 July 1941 so that she could obtain Dutch citizenship and thus evade deportation. Gies' fluency in Dutch and German helped the Frank family assimilate into Dutch society, and she and her husband became regular guests at the Franks' home.
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